The ideological underpinnings of attitudes and behaviors labelled as sectarian are extraordinarily varied. ( September 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This section possibly contains original research. They adopt political and religious pluralism. Non-sectarians espouse that free association and tolerance of different beliefs are the cornerstone to successful, peaceful human interaction. It may also refer to general philosophical, political disparity between different schools of thought, such as that between Shia and Sunni Muslims. The phrase " sectarian conflict" usually refers to violent conflict along religious or political lines, such as the conflicts between Nationalists and Unionists in Northern Ireland (religious and class-divisions may play major roles as well). The term "sectarianism" is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "excessive attachment to a particular sect or party, especially in religion". In its most basic form, sectarianism has been defined as, 'the existence, within a locality, of two or more divided and actively competing communal identities, resulting in a strong sense of dualism which unremittingly transcends commonality, and is both culturally and physically manifest.' Definition While sectarianism is often labelled as 'religious' and/or 'political', the reality of a sectarian situation is usually much more complex. Common examples of these divisions are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement. But as tensions rise, political solutions require the participation of more people from either side within the country or polity where the conflict is happening. Often, not all members of these groups are engaged in the conflict. Prejudice, discrimination, exclusion, or hatred can arise in these conflicts, depending on the political status quo and if one group holds more power within the government. Rather than religious and ethnic heterogeneity, communal conflict across districts is positively associated with poverty, economic inequality and weak capacity of districts to manage fiscal resources.Sectarianism is a political, cultural, or religious conflict between two groups. Results from spatial dependent model show that communal conflict to be spatially dependent through latent factors, meaning that communal conflict clusters because of clustering of latent factors at district level. Data comes from the 2008 Village Potential Census by the Bureau of Statistics (Potensi Desa-PODES) and official statistics which maps communal conflict across all Indonesia’s districts (N districts = 465). We asses socio, economic, and political risk factors of communal conflict in Indonesia and examine how communal conflict is spatially correlated across districts. Yet, little empirical study examines the spatial aspects of sub-national communal conflict and its risk factors. Widespread of communal conflict has become a primary development challenge of many large and diverse developing countries.
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